In close connection with the subject of the work, we also present current ways to relieve menopausal symptoms, by means of 12 foreign and Polish articles (PubMed database). Average age of menopause was 50 years in Novosibirsk, 51 years in the Czech cities and 52 years in Krakow. It is also necessary to provide information and financial support for developing countries to improve the quality of life of women and increase their average life expectancy. Several authors are of the opinion that among African women in menopause there has not been observed an increase in the incidence of breast cancer. There is a great need to promote a healthy lifestyle among perimenopausal women, in particular relaxation techniques, increased physical activity, and healthy eating. The most common problems for women in Asia were insomnia and irritability (51%). Women in Asia occasionally look for advice concerning medication in treatment of symptoms of menopause.
The other most frequently reported symptoms were pain in the muscles and bones, and problems with the urogenital system. Among Asian women in the perimenopausal period there is less interest in sex life and withdrawn satisfaction. A surprising result of the study was the fact that Asian women living in the United States assessed the menopausal period less positively than their fellow citizens remaining in Asia. Dark-skinned women think they are seen as being mentally strong and fully accept all the changes. Symptoms of menopause in African women are not different from those typical for other women, but social and economic factors differ.kartkwkaof this study was to investigate the age of menopause in relation to socio-economic, behavioral and health factors. Research from Poland does not show large differences in the prevalence of typical climacteric symptoms like those reported in Europe and in Caucasian women living in North America.
Among the articles presenting the functioning of women in Europe, 7 were selected, while the situation of women in Poland is presented on the basis of 5 articles published in the Menopause Review. Among women in India, there is a belief that the perimenopausal period is the beginning of the end, determined by culture, religion and spiritual beliefs. Due to the large number of papers that meet the above criteria, we selected those which in i transparent manner present data based on studies conducted among women of different races and nationalities. Not without significance are other demographic changes in the individual countries, such as decline in the birth rate, the increasing age of women giving birth, and changes in family structure. In addition, these women experience more inequality in access to health services due to limitations in health insurance. Systems of health and social care will be under-funded in many countries, which can cause numerous problems in access to services for women entering the perimenopausal period and force them to cope with menopausal symptoms on their own using the latest available methods. The position of the Panel of Experts of the Polish Menopause and Andropause Society in 2010 is clear and focuses on the practical aspects of treatment in the light of evidence-based medicine.
Research in 1997 indicated the presence of an early perimenopausal period in African women, which is caused by the numerous children in quick succession. The growing trend for their own health care and the cult of beauty of the human body have found many followers, and the epidemiological statistics as well as the results of numerous scientific studies confirm the increasing problems that pose a challenge to public health on i global basis. In a study of 2013 from Poland 12,676 women aged 45-69 years took part in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland) and six Czech cities. In Poland there are about 9 million women over 46 years of age, in whom there is evidence for use of different forms of hormone therapy. The World Health Organization has divided the menopausal life of women into three periods surrounding menopause. They have higher levels of poverty and disability, higher incidence of lifestyle diseases and a shorter life expectancy.
Women experience discomfort during intercourse, sometimes pain, which has a negative impact according to respondents on the relationship with their partner, quality of life and reduction of femininity. The first is the menopausal transition period (premenopause), characterized by irregular menstrual age and generally about 45 to 49 years of age. During this period, the first biological and endocrine symptoms appear. Another report from 2007 provides information on the biopsychosocial functioning of women from India, Pakistan and China. Most perimenopausal women used dietary supplements and they do not have a negative attitude towards the use of hormone replacement therapy. African countries are highly diverse in terms of customs and cultural beliefs. The needs of women in developing countries and those in developed countries will be presented differently. Hot flashes are a characteristic symptom of African-American women (67.8%) and women of the white race, mostly Americans of European descent. There was also a negative attitude towards women taking hormone replacement therapy (43%), explaining their reluctance with the connection between the use of hormone replacement therapy and increased risk of breast cancer.
