DNA / RNA - protein interactions are critical to all organisms, especially in the regulation of DNA replication, transcription and repair, and RNA transport and translation. At present, a variety of in vivo and in vitro methods have been developed to analyze DNA / RNA - protein interactions, such as affinity purification schemes, EMSA and chromatin purification methods, but they cannot perform single-molecule real-time imaging analysis and effectively analyze the mechanism of DNA / RNA - protein interaction. The combination of fluorescence probe and microscope provides an effective tool for researchers to study its interaction mechanism.

Nanoparticles are becoming multifunctional tools in biomedical applications, especially in the field of biomedical imaging. Nanoparticles can be used to diagnose, monitor physical and pathological processes, treat and control biological systems. Nanoparticles are usually less than 100nm in size, and they can be made of materials with different chemical properties, the most common being metals, metal oxides, silicates, polymers, carbon, lipids, and biomolecules. Nanomaterials have diverse chemical surface properties, unique magnetic properties, and adjustable absorption and emission properties. They can be designed in different sizes, shapes, chemical surface properties and hollow, porous or solid structures.

Time-lapse imaging technology is a powerful, versatile and continuously developed imaging tool that can take continuous images at regular points in time to capture the dynamics of the things being observed. Live cell time-lapse imaging can monitor the response of live cells during a certain period of time and generate a large amount of image-based information to quantify the behavior of cell populations.