A total or partial obstruction of the small intestine is referred to as small bowel obstruction (SBO). Hernias, cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, and scar tissue from prior surgeries are some of the potential causes.
The big intestine cannot receive the contents due to an SBO. As a result, waste accumulates over the obstruction section. Among the symptoms are abdominal discomfort, nausea, thirst, constipation, and bloating.
A variety of tests are used to diagnose an SBO. If the small bowel is blocked, a physical examination, abdominal X-ray, CT scan, ultrasound, and barium enemas are utilized to pinpoint the specific location of the obstruction. With NPO status and IV fluids, patients are admitted to the hospital to rest their bowels. Surgery can be necessary if bowel rest does not relieve symptoms or if there is a total obstruction.
Nursing Procedures
In the inpatient environment, nurses will assist in providing care for patients with an SBO. Patients will require nasogastric suctioning to allow the bowel to rest and recuperate, as well as IV fluids to maintain hydration, depending on the degree of the blockage. Patients will get education from nurses on their condition's risk factors, symptoms, and management.
Plans for Nursing Care for Small Bowel Obstruction
Care Plan for Acute Pain
Due to inflammation and obstruction in the small intestine, patients with small intestinal obstruction may suffer discomfort.
Acute Pain is the nursing diagnosis.
Associated with:
· Constipation
· Scar Tissue Inflammation
As demonstrated by:
· Reports of cramps
· Restlessness
· Guarding actions
· Grimacing facial expressions
Expected Results:
· The patient will note a reduction in or alleviation from Pain and cramps
· The patient will seem calm and have vital signs that are within normal ranges.
Acute Pain Evaluation
1. Determine the patient's level of discomfort.
Analyse the patient's level and kind of Pain. Keep track of the location, severity, and type of Pain (such as intense, dull, or constant). Check frequently for any changes in the nature or location of your Pain.
2. Examine nonverbal signs of suffering.
Keep an eye out for nonverbal indications that a patient may be displaying even if they claim not to be in Pain. Nonverbal indicators include guarded abdominal muscles, restlessness, perspiration, and facial grimacing.
3. Evaluate changes in vital signs.
Vital sign changes may indicate more severe Pain. When patients' pain level rises over their baseline, they may experience hypertension or tachycardia. To compare the patient's vital signs with their verbal and nonverbal pain ratings, help note the patient's degree of Pain while you take their vital signs. Remember that a patient may continue to feel Pain despite no change in their vital signs.
Intensive Pain Management
Combine nursing care with painkillers.
When the painkiller's therapeutic effect is at its highest, provide Nursing Assignment Help care. Predictably, the pain medication should be given before discomfort becomes severe, with the patient being kept as comfortable and in the least amount of Pain as possible before actions like showering, walking, or changing positions.
Give prescription painkillers as directed.
Regular use of painkillers improves pain management. Given that the patient has an SBO and will likely be put in an NPO state for bowel rest, pain medication will probably be given intravenously (IV).
Offer consolation options.
A patient's discomfort can be reduced by comfort techniques, including massage, deep breathing, and guided visualization. Additionally, they can help their attention from the Pain by engaging in diversion activities like watching TV, playing video games, or reading.
Position the nasogastric tube.
A nasogastric tube is required in patients with minor intestinal blockage to help the stomach relax. Decompression will help the patient feel slight discomfort and lessen abdominal distension.
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